MOTIVATION

18 Sep 2015 

Contributed by :Kesia Mae M. Pedalino

It seems obvious that people do things, such as go to work, in order to get stuff they want and to avoid stuff they don’t want.

Why exactly they want what they do and don’t want what they don’t is still something a mystery. It’s a black box and it hasn’t been fully penetrated.
Overall, the basic perspective on motivation looks something like this:

• In other words, you have certain needs or wants (these terms will be used interchangeably), and this causes you to do certain things (behavior), which satisfy those needs (satisfaction), and this can then change which needs/wants are primary (either intensifying certain ones, or allowing you to move on to other ones).

A variation on this model, particularly appropriate from an experimenter’s or manager’s point of view, would be to add a box labeled “reward” between “behavior” and “satisfaction”. So that subjects (or employees), who have certain needs do certain things (behavior), which then get them rewards set up by the experimenter or manager (such as raises or bonuses), which satisfy the needs, and so on.

DEFINITION :

What is MOTIVATION?

•  refers to the process of activating,maintaining,and directing behavior toward a particular goal
• is a psychological feature arouses an individual to act towards a desired goal and elicits,controls and sustain certain goal directed behaviors
•  arousal of interest that directs the learner towards a goal.
• The process that give behavior purpose and direction
• The general energizer for behavior

The Evolutionary Approach

Early in psychologist’s history,the evolutionary approach emphasized the role of instincts in motivation.
An INSTINCT is an innate,biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.According to William Mcdougal(1908) argued that all behavior involves instinct.In particular,he said that we have instinct of acquisitiveness,curiosity,pugnacity,gregariousness,and self asssertion.At about the same time,Sigmund Freud(1917) argued that behavior is based on instinct.Freud believed that sex and aggression were especially powerful instincts.
According to evolutionary psychologists,the motivation for sex,aggression,achievement,and other behaviors is rooted in our evolutionary past.Thus,if a species is highly competitive ,it is because such competitiveness improved the chance for survival and was passed down through the genes from generation to generation.

TYPES OF MOTIVATION :

He is motivated to play DOTA because he enjoy playing it.

I N T R I N S I C  M O T I V A T I O N

• occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings the pleasure , they enjoy the activity themselves ,they think it is important , or they feel that what they are learning is significant.

  

  We are motivated to work inorder to receive salary to fulfill our basic needs

E X T R I N S I C  M O T I V A T I O N

•   refers to performing an action or behavior in order to achieve an external reward or outcome.When you are extrinsically motivated to do something, you aren't concerned with whether or not the action is enjoyable.You are most concerned with the outcomes associated with the action.

MOTIVATIONAL CYCLE

When a goal is achieved, an individual rarely stops there. Often , the accomplished goal leads to other drives. A person never get contented. One goal leads to other motives or drives.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION:

• Incentive Theory of Motivation

• The incentive theory suggests that people are motivated to do things because of external rewards.

>For example, you might be motivated to go to work each day for the monetary reward of being paid. Behavioral learning concepts such as association and reinforcement play an important role in this theory of motivation.

• Drive Theory of Motivation
• According to the drive theory of motivation, people are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs.
  >For example, you might be motivated to eat in order to reduce the internal state of hunger.This theory is useful in explaining behaviors that have a strong biological component, such as hunger or thirst. 
• The problem with the drive theory of motivation is that these behaviors are not always motivated purely by physiological needs.

• Arousal Theory of Motivation

• The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people take certain actions to either decrease or increase levels of arousal.

>When arousal levels get too low, for example, a person might watch an exciting movie or go for a jog. When arousal levels get too high, on the other hand, a person would probably look for ways to relax such as meditating or reading a book. According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, although this level can vary based on the individual or the situation.

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

• Humanistic Theory of Motivation

>Humanistic theories of motivation are based on the idea that people also have strong cognitive reasons to perform various actions.This is famously illustrated in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which presents different motivations at different levels. First, people are motivated to fulfill basic biological needs for food and shelter, as well as those of safety, love, and esteem. Once the lower level needs have been met, the primary motivator becomes the need for self-actualization, or the desire to fulfill one’s individual potential.

SELF ACTUALIZATION

SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

Why is MOTIVATION IMPORTANT?

• Motivation helps you get started.
• Motivation helps you keep moving.
• Motivation makes you do more than necessary.
• Motivation makes the journey fun!

Final Thoughts

        Motivation is very important in our lives especially as a student.It plays a very important role , so in order to attain our goals we need this to focus in our certain goals so that we can accurately do our work and at the same time we are enjoying what we are doing.
So there is no single theory can adequately explain all human motivation, looking at the individual theories can offer a greater understanding of the forces that cause us to take action. In reality, there are likely many different forces that interact to motivate behavior.



REFERENCES:
https://generalpsychology,com
original images :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MASLOW
http://www.googleimage.com
https://alleydog.com